The Acropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel located on a high rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and contains the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historic significance, the most famous being the Parthenon. While there is evidence that the hill was inhabited as far back as the fourth millennium BC, it was Pericles (c. 495 – 429 BC) in the fifth century BC who coordinated the construction of the site’s most important buildings including the Parthenon, the Propylaia, the Erechtheion and the temple of Athena Nike. The Acropolis was formally proclaimed as the preeminent monument on the European Cultural Heritage list of monuments on 26 March 2007.
Location : The museum is located by the southeastern slope of the Acropolis hill, on the ancient road that led up to the “sacred rock” in classical times. Set only 280 meters (310 yd), away from the Parthenon, and a mere 400 meters (440 yd) walking distance from it, the museum will be the largest modern building erected so close to the ancient site, although many other buildings from the last 150 years are located closer to the Acropolis. The entrance to the building is on Dionysiou Areopagitou Street and directly adjacent to the Akropoli metro station, line 2 of the Athens Metro.
The Building : The design by Bernard Tschumi was selected as the winning project in the fourth competition. Tschumi’s design revolves around three concepts: light, movement, and a tectonic and programmatic element. Together these characteristics “turn the constraints of the site into an architectural opportunity, offering a simple and precise museum” with the mathematical and conceptual clarity of ancient Greek buildings.
The collections of the museum are exhibited on three levels while a fourth middle level houses the auxiliary spaces such as the museum shop, the café and the offices. On the first level of the museum there are the findings of the slopes of the Acropolis. The long and rectangular hall whose floor is sloping, resembles the ascension to the rock. Then, the visitor is found at the large trapezoidal hall which accommodates the archaic findings. On the same floor there are also the artifacts and sculptures from the other Acropolis buildings such as the Erechtheum, the Temple of Athena Nike and the Propylaea and findings from Roman and early Christian Athens. However the visitor is intended to see the latter during descent so as to keep the chronological order because he will first be directed to the top level, which displays the Parthenon marbles.
The top level of the Museum sits askew on the lower levels to achieve the same cardinal orientation as that of the ancient temple on the Acropolis. The spacing of the columns of the Parthenon hall is the same as that of the ancient temple, and the use of glass walls on all four exterior walls allows the natural light to illumine the Parthenon marbles as they do on the ancient temple. The 48 columns in the Parthenon hall mark the outline of the ancient temple and form a colonnade for the display of the Parthenon marbles. For ease of viewing, the pediment marbles are displayed at eye level in front of the end columns; the metopes are displayed on the columns, two per column, but not as high as in the ancient temple; and the frieze are displayed behind the metopes, forming a continuous band around the walls of a rectangular space set inside the columns, as in the ancient temple but not as high, again for ease of viewing. From the north side of the Parthenon hall, one can see the ancient temple above on the Acropolis.
As the museum is built over an extensive archaeological site, the floor, outside and inside, is often transparent using glass and thus the visitor can see the excavations below. The museum also provides an amphitheatre, a virtual theatre and a hall for temporary exhibitions.
Awards :
• On 13 May 2010, it was awarded the International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD) Award of Excellence and Sustainability.
• On 8 November 2010, the Museum won the British Guild of Travel Writers’ (BGTW) award in Globe category for the Best Worldwide Tourism Project for 2010.
• The Museum received 2011 AIA (The American Institute of Architects) Institute Honor Award for Architecture.
• It was among the six finalists competing for the 2011 European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture – the Mies van der Rohe Award.[
• On Friday 14 September 2012 the Acropolis Museum was awarded for its innovative program of the conservation and the restoration of the Caryatids by the International Institute for Conservation (IIC) in Vienna, with the Keck Award 2012
Η Ακρόπολη Αθηνών είναι ένας βραχώδης λόφος ύψους 156 μ. από την επιφάνεια της θάλασσας και 70 μ. περίπου από το επίπεδο της πόλης της Αθήνας. Η κορυφή του έχει σχήμα τραπεζοειδές μήκους 300 μ. και μέγιστου πλάτους 150 μ. Ο λόφος είναι απρόσιτος απ’ όλες τις πλευρές εκτός της δυτικής, όπου και βρίσκεται η οχυρή είσοδος, η διακοσμημένη με τα λαμπρά Προπύλαια..
Το Mουσείο Ακρόπολης κτίστηκε για να στεγάσει κάθε αντικείμενο που έχει βρεθεί πάνω στον ιερό βράχο της Ακρόπολης και στους πρόποδές του καλύπτοντας μία ευρεία χρονική περίοδο από την Μυκηναϊκή περίοδο έως την Ρωμαϊκή και Παλαιοχριστιανική Αθήνα ενώ ταυτόχρονα βρίσκεται πάνω στον αρχαιολογικό χώρο Μακρυγιάννη, κατάλοιπο των Ρωμαϊκών και πρώιμων βυζαντινών Αθηνών. Το μουσείο βρίσκεται στην νότια κλιτύ της Ακροπόλεως, σε ευθεία απόσταση 280 μέτρων από τον Παρθενώνα.
Το σχέδιο του Μπερνάρ Τσουμί εμπλέκει τρεις συλλήψεις: το φως, την κίνηση και τον αρχιτεκτονικό προγραμματισμό
Το κτήριο στηρίζεται σε υπερυψωμένους πυλώνες θεμελιωμένους ανάμεσα στις αρχαιότητες για την καλύτερη προστασία του αρχαιολογικού χώρου. Σε αρκετά σημεία στο εσωτερικό και το εξωτερικό του κτηρίου, τα δάπεδα είναι διαφανή, επιτρέποντας την θέαση των υποκείμενων αρχαιοτήτων. Το μουσείο παρέχει ακόμη ένα αμφιθέατρο 200 θέσεων, αίθουσα εικονικής πραγματικότητας, χώρο επισήμων και αίθουσα περιοδικών εκθέσεων.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acropolis_Museum
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